Politics/Amendment Essay

A composed outline of the correction being referred to. What does it say explicitly?  â â â â The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution gives, â€Å"In every single criminal arraignment, the denounced will appreciate the privilege to an expedient and open preliminary, by a fair jury of the State and locale wherein the wrongdoing will have been perpetrated, which area will have been recently discovered by law, and to be educated regarding the nature and reason for the allegation; to be stood up to with the observers against him; to have obligatory procedure for getting observers in support of himself, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence† (Sixth Amendment, U.S. Constitution). The rights counted under this correction allude to the arranged privileges of the denounced in criminal arraignments. By and large the Bill of Rights was fused in the Constitution by virtue of the conviction that it was important to confine the investigatory and prosecutorial forces of the central government (Oxford Companion, 2005).  â â â The privileges of the blamed in criminal arraignment are: â€Å"1) right to a rapid preliminary; 2) right to an open preliminary; 3) right to a preliminary by jury; 4) notice of the allegation; (5) option to defy the contradicting observers; 6) right to necessary procedure for acquiring great observers; and (7) the help of direction or right to counsel† (Oxford Companion, 2005). The privilege to a fast preliminary forestalls severe imprisonment before preliminary and guarantees resistance by the blamed for his motivation. The privilege to an open preliminary goes about as a shield against maltreatment of legal force. Additionally, it likewise guarantees the blamed that he is educated for the charges against him. This is a piece of fair treatment (Oxford Companion, 2005). The option to defy restricting observers alludes to one side of the blamed to question said observers. He is likewise qualified for summon observers for his sake (Oxford Companion, 2005). At long last, the blamed is additionally qualified for be spoken to by counsel or a legal counselor. This will be lengthily talked about in another area of this paper. When did it become some portion of the Constitution?  â â â â This revision was approved and embraced in the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution in 1791 (Oxford Companion, 2005). It was a piece of the initial ten corrections remembered for the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was really proposed by James Madison. The gathering known as Anti-Federalists undermined that if these rights were excluded from the Constitution, their states won't confirm the new Constitution. They required away from against the tremendous forces of government. After a trade off was settled upon, the Constitution was endorsed in 1789 however the Bill of Rights was fused later and became effective after it was sanctioned on December 15, 1791 (National Archives site, n.d.). 3. What cases have preceded the Supreme Court wherein this specific change was applied?  â â â â Before the approval of the Sixth Amendment, two rules were sanctioned which in actuality concurred the help of direction to those denounced (USGPO site, 2005). The Judiciary Act of 1789 permitted the respondent to argue his case in a government court either actually or by counsel. Then again, the Act of 1790 permitted the respondent accused of treachery or other capital wrongdoing to be protected by counsel which the court will relegate to him (USGPO site, 2005). Indeed, even with the confirmation of the Sixth Amendment, the option to guide has restricted application. It was uniquely during the 1930s that the Supreme Court created and amplified the extent of the Sixth Amendment by ethicalness of law.  â â â â For the situation of Powell v. Alabama, the Court put aside the feelings of eight young wrongdoers since the preliminary was directed in a rushed way and the respondents were not helped by counsel. The Court additionally decided that there was refusal of fair treatment believing that the option to be heard is insignificant on the off chance that it didn't involve the option to be heard by counsel [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. The Court briefly clarified that regardless of whether a man is wise and scholarly he may not be talented in the study of law and might be arraigned on a wrong charge or be indicted dependent on uncouth proof. All the more in this way, the respondents who are youthful, indigents, unskilled people and are confronted with an environment of threatening vibe away from their family members [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. Accordingly, it was focused on that it is basic to be spoken to by advice and it forces an obligation upon the Court, regardless of whether mentioned or not to choose and dole out an insight else, it gets commensurate to a disavowal of fair treatment [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. On account of Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court articulated the outright guideline of delegating counsel for all government criminal litigants. In addition, it decided that a waiver of such right should be clear and can't be assumed from quiet of the litigant [304 U.S. 458 (1938)].  â â â â For the situation of Betts v. Brady and Progeny, the Court decided that â€Å"the arrangement of direction is certainly not a major right basic to a reasonable trial† [316 U.S. 455 (1942)]. It set out the rule that the option to be spoken to by counsel isn't important in state cases including non capital offenses with the exception of in extraordinary conditions. This decision was held later on after reactions, to apply just to the incompetents, for example, the ignorant people and retardates or to concede help in instances of legal maltreatment of intensity [316 U.S. 455 (1942)].  â â â â In Hamilton v. Alabama, the standard was in capital cases, the Court must name an advice for the respondent even without verification that litigant might be biased without such arrangement or regardless of whether the litigant neglected to demand that one be selected as his guidance [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].The â€Å"special conditions rule† was held to apply just in non capital offenses [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].  â â â â In the cases, Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) and Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963), the Court has set out the three classes which might be regarded as biased and in this way, requiring the arrangement of advice, to be specific: â€Å"(1) the individual qualities of the respondent which made it far-fetched he could acquire his very own sufficient guard, (2) the specialized intricacy of the charges or of potential resistances to the charges, and (3) occasions happening at preliminary that raised issues of prejudice† (USGPO site, 2005).  â â â â The decision of the Court in the Betts case was upset in the milestone instance of Gideon v. Wainwright.  The Court in deserting the Betts thinking held that the privilege to help of insight is goal, essential and major and that the Fourteenth Amendment necessitates that the equivalent be accessible and material in state courts. In 1972 this decision was held to apply to offense and genuine crime cases given that it conveyed a punishment of detainment [Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972)]. Furthermore, the Gideon administering was likewise held to apply to energetic guilty parties in adolescent wrongdoing prosecution for the situation ofâ In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). What, if any association is there between this sacred issue and instruction?  â â â â The established issue of the privilege to help of advice is identified with training. The investigation of law requires information, ability and involvement with preliminary procedures. Indeed, even an informed and wise man who isn't appropriately taught and prepared in law is viewed as bumbling and unfit to guard himself. Courts are made to rebuff and deny the blameworthy of their freedoms through detainment and other imposable punishments. In this manner, it is basic that if an individual is accused of an offense in court he should have the option to put a resistance and be heard by an appropriately prepared direction. To deny him of this would be equivalent to denying him of fair treatment and would render useless the fundamental precepts of the Bill of Rights. An individual charged of an offense would require the ability of an advice with the goal that he doesn't chance himself of being indicted regardless of whether he be blameless basically on the grounds that he doesn't have a clue how to set up his guiltlessness. All the more so an uneducated man, a dim witted individual or a poverty stricken. Therefore, it turns into the obligation of the court to select advice with the goal that such individual may not be denied fair treatment.  References  Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972) Betts v. Brady and Progeny, 316 U.S. 455 (1942) Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963) Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U.S. 52 (1961) In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938) Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) National Archives and Records Administration site. ‘Bill of rights.’ Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.archives.gov/national-chronicles understanding/contracts/bill_of_rights.html Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2005. Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932) U.S. Government Printing Office site. ‘Sixth correction: Rights of the denounced in criminal prosecutions† 2002. Recovered on November 16, 2007, from http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/pdf2002/024.pdf

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Essay Example

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Paper Carabao Manure THE EFFICIENCY OF CARABAO MANURE WITH EXTRACT OF (Eucalyptus cinerea) AND LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citrates) LEAVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE MOSQUITO REPELLANT Foundation of the Study Dengue casualties are liberally spreading in our general public and they are brought about by the known Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes are simply found in places where there are surrendered tires and holders loaded up with stale water, Mosquitoes are otherwise called the most hazardous executioners on the planet where they can defraud a rough of 2 to 3 million individuals in a year. For the most part found on driving stores are costly business compound mosquito repellants. Carabao fertilizer definition These mosquito repellants may contain poisonous synthetic substances that can make respiratory ailments us, individuals. Regarding this, we should likewise consider that not we all can bear to buy these said mosquito repellants. These marketed mosquito repellants contain poisons like DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) that are broadly utilized by most inhabitants in our locale. Destinations of the Study This examination is intended to deliver an elective mosquito repellant out of carabo compost with concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves consolidated together. Carabao fertilizer parts We will compose a custom paper test on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In particular, it tries to respond to the accompanying inquiries a. What are the substance parts of carabao excrement joined with lemon grass and eucalyptus remove that would repulse the mosquitoes? b. Is the carabao excrement with lemongrass and eucalyptus remove powerful contrasted with the synthetic business mosquito repellant? c. What are the impacts of substance segments from carabao fertilizer joined with lemongrass to the earth and to individuals? d. Is the characteristic elective mosquito repellant safe to individuals and to the earth? Suspicions and Hypotheses: 1. The carabao compost joined with lemongrass and eucalyptus separate as an elective mosquito repellant is productive. 2. The materials used to make an elective regular mosquito repellant are sufficient. 3. The normal mosquito repellants is as powerful as the business concoction repellants. Speculations: 1. There is a noteworthy distinction between the business substance mosquito repellent and the regular mosquito repellent. 2. There is relative adequacy of the regular mosquito repellant and the business substance mosquito repellant. Meaning of Terms: DEET-N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide; somewhat yellow oil; most basic dynamic fixing in creepy crawly repellants. Eucalyptus-an assorted variety of streaming trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceae; individuals from the sort overwhelm the tree greenery of Australia. Dengue Fever-it is otherwise called break bone fever, an intense febrile irresistible ailment brought about by the dengue infection; dengue is normally transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Carabao Manure-a decent natural compost; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric corrosive and 9. potash; a great wellspring of fuel either as dried fertilizer, or in producing biogas or methane. Lemongrass-customarily utilized by Indians as a medication; has various utilizations and properties in fragrant healing. Degree and Delimitation This examination was directed to decide the viability of carabao fertilizer with lemongrass and eucalyptus extricate as an elective mosquito repellant. The angles investigated were the parts of carabao fertilizer with concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus that would repulse the mosquitoes and the idea of mosquitoes. Related examinations about carabao excrement Populace or Universe: Locale of the study:MMSU-LHS-SC Period of the study:S. Y. 2010-2011 Bibliography http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Aedes_aegypti http://science. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Related Literature and Studies It has been discovered that Dengue fever is otherwise called breakbone fever, an intense febrile irresistible sickness brought about by the dengue infection; dengue is typically transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. References: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Aedes_aegypti It has been discovered that carabao compost is a decent natural manure; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric corrosive, and 9. 6 potash; a great ource of fuel either as dried compost, or in producing biogas or methane. Commentaries: http://science. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm It has been discovered that lemongrass is customarily utilized by Indians as a medication; has various utilizations and properties in fragrant healing. References: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 It has been discovered that perception is the most immediate way and the most broadly utilized in considering conduct. Commentaries: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 It has been discovered that DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) is the most widely recognized dynamic fixing in creepy crawly repellants. References: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Aedes_aegypti Eucalyptus is a different variety of flowin trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceael individuals from the class rule the tree greenery of Australia. Commentaries: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 88 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 According to Manuel and Medel, the essential reason for exploratory research is to find the impact of at least one components upon a condition, gathering or circumstance, reason in which is to find â€Å"What will be. † Footnotes: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Method of Collecting Data: The technique for gathering information utilized was the perception. This is worried in social affair data for an examination, might be characterized as seeing information through the faculties: sight, hearing, taste, contact, and smell. Perception is utilized to have the option to accumulate legitimately, direct data about the subject of study. System: Materials Used: The materials utilized in the examination were: 1. Lemongrass leaves 2. Eucalyptus leaves 3. Carabao compost 4. Mortar and pestle 5. Holders 6. Sifters Methodology To deliver the concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus, first washed the new lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves completely and utilized the mortar and pestle to smash the leaves into fine particles. Second, pressed the squashed leaves to get the concentrate. Next, the concentrate is stressed utilizing a sifter. Fourth, join the concentrate with the carabao fertilizer. Next, form the carabao compost with remove in any shape you need as long as it can fill in as an elective mosquito loop. Finally, let the carabao excrement with extricate be dried. Strategy for Research: The trial technique for investigate was utilized in this examination. Test explore is a profoundly controlled method where controlled medications or activities from a factor or condition, called the trial or free ariable, are applied upon another factor of condition, called the reliant variable, to decide the impact of the rancher upon the last mentioned, every other factor of factors being kept consistent or equivalent with the goal that any adjustment in the needy variable is inferable just to the test or autonomous variable. The fundamental reason for exploratory research is to find the impact of at least one co mponents upon a condition, gathering, or circumstance, motivation behind which is to find â€Å"what will be. Since the investigation is worried about the productivity of carabao fertilizer with concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves as an elective mosquito repellant, the trial technique for look into was the most proper strategy to utilize in light of the fact that it tries to find what will be the outcome and how successful it is. Reasonable Framework Output Natural Alternative Mosquito Repellant Process Extraction of Leaves Mixing Lemongrass concentrate and Eucalyptus separate with Carabao Manure Drying of Carabao Manure Inputs Lemongrass Leaves Eucalyptus Leaves Carabao Manure

How to Know If You Have a Phone Phobia

How to Know If You Have a Phone Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How to Know If You Have a Phone Phobia By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 06, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Symptoms Treatment Options Coping Strategies View All Phone anxiety is a common fear among those with social anxiety disorder (SAD).?? Many people may not like talking on the phone, or may even have a phone fear. But a fear of talking on the phone may actually be considered a phone phobia when your hesitance to make and receive calls causes you to experience symptoms such as severe anxiety, shortness of breath, or a racing heart. Illustration by Jessica Olah, Verywell Overview Those who do not have social anxiety disorder may be afraid to use the phone; they may be more comfortable in direct social interactions, perhaps due to the fact that face-to-face settings allow them to be able to read non-verbal cues, like facial expressions. However, those with social anxiety disorder obviously suffer from the opposite. If you are dealing with this condition, a phone fear may reflect issues you are dealing with regarding interaction with others in general.?? Symptoms If you answer yes to any of these, your phone fear may indeed be a phobia. Before and After Calls Do You: Feel extremely anxious?Delay  making phone calls  due to anxiety?Worry about bothering the other person?Worry about what you will say?Worry about embarrassing yourself?Avoid making calls or having  others call you?Obsess about  what was said after calls? When on the Phone Do You: Shake?Have trouble concentrating?Feel nauseous?Feel your heart race? The fear of making and receiving phone calls can be disruptive to both your personal and professional lives.?? It is important to take phone anxiety seriously. Although answering the phone and making calls may seem like a simple task that everyone should be able to do, if you suffer from  phone phobia, the anxiety can be terrifying and real. Treatment Options Treatment for phone phobia can include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, such as cognitive restructuring and exposure training. In addition, there are many self-help strategies that you can use to cope with anxiety about using the phone. Cognitive restructuring involves challenging beliefs and replacing negative thoughts with more constructive alternatives.?? For example, if you constantly worry that you will bother the other person when making a phone call, cognitive restructuring might have you consider the evidence that this is actually true. Why would the person answer the phone if he was too busy? Why would he have asked you to call if he didnt want to talk to you? Eventually, you would reach the conclusion that it is unlikely you are bothering the other person or that he doesnt want to speak with you. Exposure training involves the gradual practice of progressively more difficult behaviors???. In the case of phone anxiety, a hierarchy of fears might look something like the one below (listed from easiest to most difficult). Each behavior is practiced until you are comfortable and can move on to the next most difficult one. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs of 2020 Telephone Fear Hierarchy Call a number that you know will only have a recorded message, like a customer service line.Call a family member or friend that you know well.Call a business and ask a straightforward question, such as when they close.Call someone that you dont know well with a simple question.Call someone that you dont know well about a complicated issue.Make each of the previous types of calls in front of one person.Make each of the previous types of calls in front of a group of people. Your hierarchy might be different depending on whether you find friends or strangers more difficult to talk to, and whether it is more difficult for you to talk on the phone in front of someone else. It may be difficult to create a hierarchy to deal with the fear of answering calls. If you typically avoid answering the phone, one strategy would be to use a caller ID unit to identify who is calling. You could then start by answering calls from people that you are most comfortable with and letting other calls go to voicemail. Eventually, you would progress to answering more difficult calls. Coping Strategies Ideally, you should practice cognitive-behavioral techniques under the supervision of a trained therapist. If meeting with a CBT counselor isnt possible, or if you have already participated in CBT and are looking for additional ways to cope, the following strategies may come in handy. Smile before making and receiving calls. This may sound silly, but it helps you to relax and conveys a sense of pleasantness to the person youre speaking with.Reward yourself after making difficult calls by spending some time doing something that you enjoy.Visualize yourself successfully making or receiving calls. Imagine a positive conversation and feeling good afterward.If you are concerned about interrupting someone when you call, ask whether you are catching the person at a bad time. If the person is in the middle of something, this gives him the chance to offer to call you back.If someone says no or turns down a request, realize that it could be for many reasons that have nothing to do with you. Try not to read too much into the actions of someone else.Do a bit of preparation before making a call, but dont go overboard. Know generally what you are going to say, but try to anticipate that the conversation may not go exactly as you have planned. If there are important points that you need to bring up, make sure to write those down and keep them handy.Realize that you dont always have to answer the phone. If someone is calling you at a bad time, or if you are too anxious to talk, it is acceptable to let calls go to voicemail from time to time.Know that the phone may not always be the best method of communication. If you need to have a record of your conversation or if you want to give the other person time to reflect before responding, email may be the better choice. However, if the issue you need to discuss is complex, emotional, or involves a lot of back-and-forths, calling or meeting face-to-face is best. A Word From Verywell Phone anxiety is difficult but can be overcome. However, if you find that your fear of making and receiving phone calls extends into other areas of your life and that you have fears of social interaction in general, it might be helpful to consult a mental health professional. If you are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, treatments such as medication or therapy may be offered to you. Situations That Can Trigger Anxiety

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1459 Words

The word â€Å"cannabis†, most commonly known as weed, has rose the brow of Americans everywhere and has been the topic for debate for decades now. Those that oppose the use of the plant believe it is used to smoke, but there are many positive aspects which have been proven to result from its use. For example it is proven that marijuana is less dangerous to the human body than alcohol and tobacco products. As a result, most believe that the legalization of cannabis will drastically decrease the crime in our cities and form a more productive society thought its wide variety of uses. Now there is something called the â€Å"war on drugs† which deals with every level of society and every year the American government spends enormous amounts of money to fight this so called war. Some people even argue that this war has already been lost and the only way to stop the fighting altogether is to legalize cannabis. For instance, smoker, William Buckley said â€Å"pot is harmful, but people shouldn’t go to prison for smoking it†. Buckley was a college professor that admitted to smoking cannabis on a television show in 1973 and was quoted to say that there was half a million arrested in the same year. There was also a study done in the 1970s by Dr. Robert Health. This study specifically stated claims that showed brain damage in rhesus monkeys caused by cannabis but was deemed unreliable due to insufficient sample size and the misidentification of monkey’s brain structure as damaged. Eight years later,Show MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?8 49 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Sample Resume Electrical Engineering - 3881 Words

0 RELAY COORDINATION (UNIT I,II SHREE POWER) Student: Vishal Kasotia Project Guide: Mr Ajay Sharma. College: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Course: Electrical Engineering with Specialization in Power Electronics (EPE) Enrolment Number: 12212014 Internship Period: May 11, 2015 – July 3, 2015 Summer Internship 2015 Submitted by Vishal Kasotia 4th yr (IDD) in Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee May – July, 2015 Page | 1 Acknowledgement I owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Ajay Sharma for being a source of inspiration through his thought-provoking talks. As a role model, he taught by example and held even small details in great importance, providing me with a new insight on being a better engineer and person, I’m also thankful to Mr. Manoj Kumawat and Mr. Kapil paneri for helping and giving me the necessary guidance required for carrying out this project, To my much beloved parents who are the real reason behind anything I accomplish in my life. Vishal Kasotia Date: 12th August 2015 Page | 2 Certificate of Approval The following Summer Internship report titled â€Å"Relay Coordination Of Unit I,II of beawar plant Shree Power† is hereby approved as a certified study, carried out in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite for the award of B.Tech. for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawnShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Electrical Engineering Essay1880 Words   |  8 PagesHyperloop A Seminar Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering Submitted By: Rushi Patel (14BEE093) Romil Patel (14BEE092) Under Guidance of: Prof D.M. 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Brandywine Battlefield Park Free Essays

Brandywine Battlefield is considered as one historical park under Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in cooperation with the Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site Associates. It is located on 50 acres near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The history of Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 during the American revolution takes place here and it was a major victory for the British where they have succeeded in capturing Philadelphia. We will write a custom essay sample on Brandywine Battlefield Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1949, This battlefield was established as a Pennsylvania State park. it is open to the public from 9 in the morning up to 4 in the afternoon from Tuesday to Saturday and on Sundays from12 noon to 4 in the afternoon. Talking about the geographical location of the battlefield park, it is on the banks of Brandywine creek   in southeastern Pennsylvania. Since it is near Philadelphia it led directly to the land where the major battle of American revolution takes place. the creek is one major obstacle and serves as a moat that blocks the British access to the Schuylkill River and the Continental Congress both in Philadelphia. It is also the crossroads of the Thirteen colonies. The road control was crucial to both supplies of British and Continental armies. In the park you will see reenactors who portrays Hessian mercenaries, quaker farmers and British and continental soldiers during special events in the park. staffs and volunteers from the park provides daily tour visit to tourist about the battlefield and the park. hands on activities are also given to visitors as well as speeches and seminar sponsorships. Much of the park and battlefield is preserved. it is tagged as a National Historical Landmark designated by the United States Congress   20 years after the Battle of Brandywine it was inaugurated in the year 1997. (Webster, 2007) As you tour around the park you will see various pictures and even actual proofs that these park was once a site of a thriving farming community before the battle. there are homes of quaker farmers which has been restored tot heir 1777 appearance and can e viewed by everyone inside. The headquarter used by George Washington before and after the battle is also located in the park and the name of the structure is The Benjamin Ring House. Inside the house there are collections of quaker style furniture with detailed historical information about the battle and the period of stay of Washington in the house. the house has an easy access of Chadds Ford where the British were expected to cross the river. inside this house, Washington held a council of war with his generals and plans their strategies. It was also burnt out on September 16, 1931 and was already restored to its original 1777 look. Inside the Benjamin ring, is one fulling mill and one grist mill. the house is named after Mr. Benjamin ring who is considered as the most prominent businessman in the township. On the opposite side of the park, the Gideon Glipin House is located and this house is also restored and furnished with vintages of Quaker furniture. Marquis   de Lafayette base operations was set here before and during the battle. The visitors center inside the park has a Museum where the Battle of Brandywine and the American Revolution is presented as part of the modernization of the park to entertain visitors and give them more knowledge about he important event that happened in the said place. there is also a   permanent interpretive exhibit and an audio video presentation of graphics that tells the story of the battle and its relation to the campaign in Philadelphia in 1777.   the museum contains artifacts and explanations that gave more emphasis about the Battle of Brandywine Brandywine Battlefield Historical park is easy to access for tourist and history lovers. outdoor picnic facilities are also available.   Restrooms, and park offices for reservations are also found where friendly park personnels can be found for further assistance during your visits. There are also gift shops and souvenir shops inside the park. The Battlefield Park brings the action to life through authentic displays amid the hauntingly beautiful and tranquil rolling, wooded hills not far from where the battle was fought. Work Cited Webster, Nancy V. A Commonwealth Treasure: Brandywine Battlefield Park. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, February 12, 2007 How to cite Brandywine Battlefield Park, Papers Brandywine Battlefield Park Free Essays Brandywine Battlefield is considered as one historical park under Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in cooperation with the Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site Associates. It is located on 50 acres near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The history of Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 during the American revolution takes place here and it was a major victory for the British where they have succeeded in capturing Philadelphia. We will write a custom essay sample on Brandywine Battlefield Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1949, This battlefield was established as a Pennsylvania State park. it is open to the public from 9 in the morning up to 4 in the afternoon from Tuesday to Saturday and on Sundays from12 noon to 4 in the afternoon. Talking about the geographical location of the battlefield park, it is on the banks of Brandywine creek   in southeastern Pennsylvania. Since it is near Philadelphia it led directly to the land where the major battle of American revolution takes place. The creek is one major obstacle and serves as a moat that blocks the British access to the Schuylkill River and the Continental Congress both in Philadelphia. it is also the crossroads of the Thirteen colonies. The road control was crucial to both supplies of British and Continental armies. In the park you will see reenactors who portrays Hessian mercenaries, quaker farmers and British and continental soldiers during special events in the park. staffs and volunteers from the park provides daily tour visit to tourist about the battlefield and the park. hands on activities are also given to visitors as well as speeches and seminar sponsorships. Much of the park and battlefield is preserved. it is tagged as a National Historical Landmark designated by the United States Congress   20 years after the Battle of Brandywine it was inaugurated in the year 1997. (Webster, 2007) As you tour around the park you will see various pictures and even actual proofs that these park was once a site of a thriving farming community before the battle. there are homes of quaker farmers which has been restored tot heir 1777 appearance and can e viewed by everyone inside. The headquarter used by George Washington before and after the battle is also located in the park and the name of the structure is The Benjamin Ring House. Inside the house there are collections of quaker style furniture with detailed historical information about the battle and the period of stay of Washington in the house. the house has an easy access of Chadds Ford where the British were expected to cross the river. Inside this house, Washington held a council of war with his generals and plans their strategies. It was also burnt out on September 16, 1931 and was already restored to its original 1777 look. Inside the Benjamin ring, is one fulling mill and one grist mill. the house is named after Mr. Benjamin ring who is considered as the most prominent businessman in the township. On the opposite side of the park, the Gideon Glipin House is located and this house is also restored and furnished with vintages of Quaker furniture. Marquis   de Lafayette base operations was set here before and during the battle. The visitors center inside the park has a Museum where the Battle of Brandywine and the American Revolution is presented as part of the modernization of the park to entertain visitors and give them more knowledge about he important event that happened in the said place. there is also a   permanent interpretive exhibit and an audio video presentation of graphics that tells the story of the battle and its relation to the campaign in Philadelphia in 1777.   the museum contains artifacts and explanations that gave more emphasis about the Battle of Brandywine Brandywine Battlefield Historical park is easy to access for tourist and history lovers. outdoor picnic facilities are also available.   Restrooms, and park offices for reservations are also found where friendly park personnels can be found for further assistance during your visits. There are also gift shops and souvenir shops inside the park. The Battlefield Park brings the action to life through authentic displays amid the hauntingly beautiful and tranquil rolling, wooded hills not far from where the battle was fought. Work Cited Webster, Nancy V. A Commonwealth Treasure: Brandywine Battlefield Park. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, February 12, 2007 How to cite Brandywine Battlefield Park, Papers

Variable Cost and Net Operating Income Essay Example

Variable Cost and Net Operating Income Paper TCO B Questions 1. (TCO C) The following overhead data are for a department of a large company. Actual costs Static Incurred budget Activity level (in units) 800 750 Variable costs: Indirect materials $6,850 $6,600 Electricity $1,312 $1,275 Fixed costs: Administration $3,570 $3,700 Rent $3,320 $3,200 Required: Construct a flexible budget performance report that would be useful in assessing how well costs were controlled in this department. (Points : 30) 2. (TCO D) Mr. Earl Pearl, Accountant for Margie Knall, Inc. has prepared the following product-line income data: PRODUCT Total A B C Sales $ 100,000.. $50,000 $20,000.. $30,000 Variable Expenses 60,000. 30,000 10,000. 20,000 Contribution Margin.. .40,000. 20,000 10,000. 10,000 Fixed Expenses: Rent. .5,000.. 2,500.. 1,000 1,500 Depreciation. 6,000.. 3,000.. 1,200. 1,800 Utilities 4,000.. 2,000.. 00. 1,500 Supervisors salaries.. 5,000. 1,500.. 500. 3,000 Maintenance 3,000.. 1,500 600 900 Administrative Expenses. 10,000.. 3,000.. 2,000.. 5,000 Total Fixed Expenses 33,000. 13,500 5,800. 13,700 Net Operating Income $7,000. $6,500. $4,200 $3,700) The following additional information is available: The factory rent of $1,500 assigned to product C is avoidable if the product were dropped. The companys total depreciation would not be affected by dropping C. Eliminating product C will reduce the monthly utility bill from $1,500 to $800. All supervisors salaries are avoidable. If product C is discontinued, the maintenance department will be able to reduce monthly expenses from $3,000 to $2,000. Elimination of product C will make it possible to cut two persons from the administrative staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Variable Cost and Net Operating Income specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Variable Cost and Net Operating Income specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Variable Cost and Net Operating Income specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Currently, their combined salaries total $2,000. Required: Prepare an analysis showing whether product C should be eliminated. Articulate your findings. (Points : 30) 3. (TCO E) Hanks Company produces a single product. Operating data for the company and its absorption costing income statement for the last year is presented below: Units in beginning inventory.. 0 Units produced.. 9,000 Units sold ,000 Sales $80,000 Less cost of goods sold: Beginning inventory. 0 Add cost of goods manufactured 54,000 Goods available for sale. 54,000 Less ending inventory 6,000 Cost of goods sold.. 48,000 Gross margin. 32,000 Less selling admin. expenses.. 28,000 Net operating income.. 4,000 Variable manufacturing costs are $4 per unit. Fixed factory overhead totals $18,000 for the year. This overhead was applied at a rate of $2 per unit. Variable selling and administrative expenses were $1 per unit sold. Required: Prepare a new income statement for the year using variable costing. Comment on the diffe rences between the absorption costing and the variable costing income statements. (Points : 30) 4. (TCO A) The following data (in thousands of dollars) have been taken from the accounting records of Karmana Corporation for the just completed year. Sales $950 Raw materials inventory, beginning $10 Raw materials inventory, ending . $30 Purchases of raw materials . $120 Direct labor $200 Manufacturing overhead .. $230 Administrative expenses .. $100 Selling expenses .. 140 Work in process inventory, beginning $70 Work in process inventory, ending . $40 Finished goods inventory, beginning $100 Finished goods inventory, ending $80 Use these data to prepare (in thousands of dollars) a schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured and a Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold for the year. In addition, elaborate on the relationship between these schedules as they relate to the flow of product costs in a manufacturing company.

Japanese American Relocation essays

Japanese American Relocation essays On December 7, 1941, the Japanese made a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor. (Fremon 6) Right after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war against Japan. (Fremon 7) On February 19, 1942, as the U.S. fought the war they decided to issue Executive Order 9066. This order gave the military authority to exclude any or all Japanese-Americas from designated area, including the California coast. (Fremon 31) Racist attacks on the Japanese-Americans began escalating and the hated Japanese-Americans were hurriedly moved to the relocation camps the American government had prepared for them. Was this decision made by the American government justifiable? The action to intern all Japanese-Americans was morally and legally wrong. On one hand, it could be argued that the U.S. governments decision to place Japanese- Americans in relocation camps was justifiable given the atmosphere of public hysteria. The sneak attack on Pearl Harbor was a cruel one and the vast majority of the American public was angry. In addition, there was a possibility that there were spies and traitors who were working for Japan among the Japanese-Americans living in the U.S. Despite all these factors that might make the internment of the Japanese-Americans justifiable, I can argue against this idea. The action of actually evicting and moving the Japanese-Americans was a morally and constitutionally wrong decision made by the United States because it inevitably raised extremely grave questions as to the consistency of such a program with the requirements and prohibitions of the federal constitution. The fact that two-thirds of the evacuees were citizens of the Un ited States by birth sharpened these very grave issues. (War Relocation Authority) I would like to illustrate in this report that treating citizens of the United States as not loyal based on their e...

How to write a presentation - Emphasis

How to write a presentation How to write a presentation Delivering a memorable and effective presentation to your colleagues or customers is about so much more than pulling together some PowerPoint slides and donning your best suit. You need to inspire your audience, not bludgeon them with jargon and visuals. Robert Ashton provides some handy tips on how to impress. Gordon Brown, in one of his first high-profile public presentations as shadow chancellor, talked in detail about the post neo-classical endogenous growth theory. He was greeted with widespread media derision while the electorate remained bemused and unenthused. Now, 13 years later, and finally on the cusp of being the new Prime Minister, his words on the economy are unquestionably more straightforward and easier on the ear: The task ahead is to build an even stronger economy with even higher standards of living It would be fair to say that Mr Brown has learned a thing or two about giving a presentation. Of course much has been made of his changing style: he smiles more, speaks more openly, looks more relaxed, wears more fashionable clothes. All of these may have improved his presentation style. But giving a decent presentation is about more than wearing the right outfit and developing a more upbeat speaking voice. It is also about the words you use. As Mr Brown said himself in his leadership-bid speech, I have never believed presentation should be a substitute for policy. He may have been referring to politics (while having a little dig at Tony Blair), but we should echo his call for substance to triumph over style in the world of business presentations. Presentation has always been an important part of professional life, but there has been a noticeable trend over the last few years for the focus to be on delivery and appearance rather than content. Mr Brown is not the only one who has been polishing his presentation style. Countless organisations send their staff on presentation skills courses to learn how to improve their public speaking. Not that presentation skills dont count of course they do. But a good presentation depends on much more than simply presenting yourself. A clear voice and a confident manner will never disguise irrelevant, ill-chosen content or over-complicated, inappropriate terminology. And by content, Im not referring to PowerPoint slides. Most of us have had enough of sitting through presentations where we are either bored to tears by slide after slide overloaded with text or dazed by endless graphics whizzing pointlessly across the screen. To be fair, some businesses are starting to realise this. But many have missed the point in their response to the growing disenchantment with PowerPoint. A well-known software company, for example, decided that employees were not engaging with corporate presentations. Its solution was to decree that no presentation should be longer than six slides. The result? Slides with as many words, figures and graphics as possible squeezed in by means of the teeniest illegible font and the narrowest margins. The employees, I imagine, have gained nothing other than future eyesight problems to add to their disengagement. But my real objection to PowerPoint is nothing to do with the number or style of the slides. It is the fact that pulling together the slides seems to have become almost synonymous with writing a presentation. Slides may give you a checklist of points to cover, and sometimes even some worthwhile visual support. But they will never win over your audience. Wise words To engage and inspire an audience you need to appeal to their values. To carry them, you need pace and rhythm. To change minds and influence decisions, you must choose and order your words carefully. In short, you need to plan and write your presentation, not just pull together some slides. Presentations demand a physical style of writing thats tied to your breath, the ability to deliver a telling phrase or sentence and whether you can capture and keep an audiences attention. You need to tell a good story and you need to keep it short and snappy, using simple, evocative words that will immediately strike a chord. You cant afford to leave your audience behind to have them wondering what you meant by something when youve already moved on to something else. Your ideas and values have to register in the moment. Your words need to be both simple and powerful. No matter how accomplished or experienced a public speaker you are, you will rarely get a good response from using technical, philosophical, or intellectual jargon or convoluted language in a presentation. Imagine if Martin Luther King had said: I am in possession of a vision statement for mankind that my four offspring will at some future juncture reside in a nation where they will not be appraised by the pigmentation of their skin but by the nature and substance of their disposition. I am in possession of a vision statement today. Or if John F Kennedy had tried to appeal to peoples national pride with: In addition, therefore, co-habitants of America, do not request of yourselves as to the nature of the obligations your territory should render unto you; request of yourselves as to the nature of the obligations you should render unto your reign of domicile yourselves. Perhaps their undisputed personal magnetism and formidable public speaking skills may have compensated a little for the lacklustre content. But it is their use of simple but carefully-constructed language that has secured their speeches a place in the pages of our history books: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. So next time you have to give a presentation, whether it is to win hearts and minds, flog your products, or simply tell people what you do, forget the PowerPoint slides, the vocal exercises and whether or not your suit is looking a bit out of date. Instead, concentrate on the actual content of what youre going to say and the words that are going to make an impression on your audience. Some hints and tips for writing a good presentation: Syntax: Disentangle your thoughts and arrange the words in your sentences to be simple and logical. Often when theres a lot of information obscuring a main point, syntax becomes far too complex. Jargon: Every profession or industry has its jargon, but only use it if you are speaking to peers and are sure they will understand you. Words: We all have our favourite words that we enjoy using and make us feel confident. As you write, imagine yourself saying the words you use and see if you are comfortable with them. And avoid any words you have trouble saying eg. if you might stumble over statistics, then say figures instead. Sentences: The sentences in a presentation should be shorter than in the typical business document. When you do write a longer sentence, make sure there is a natural break point so you can take a breath. Pace, rhythm and tone: Varying the pace, rhythm and tone of sentences makes both the speaking and listening experience far more enjoyable. Make sure the stress falls on the most important words (eg. To be or not to be; I have a dream); vary the length of sentences; arranging words in pairs and trios (saying things in threes gives a sense of movement, progression and resolution: Going, going, gone). Saying words in pairs gives a more balanced tone (courage and commitment, energy and effort) or sense of tension between the words (war and peace, imports and exports). Analogies: Good analogies can work well in presentations because they paint vivid pictures for the audience. The best way to do it is to use either a simile (It wasnt so much a dinner party, more like feeding time at the zoo) or a metaphor (Shes a dragon of a teacher). Words to avoid: Be careful about using clichs like pushing the envelope, playing hardball and thinking outside the box. And think carefully about any word that ends with -ism, -ise, -based, -gate, -focused and -driven. Alliteration: Big and bold, sleek and shiny, key components. On the page alliteration may look contrived, but it can effectively highlight important phrases in a presentation. Repetition: Repeating words also works well in physical writing. The phrase used by New Labour politicians, Education, education, education, was much stronger (and far more memorable) than something bland like, Were going to make education our priority. Punctuation: Use punctuation to help you deliver your speech. You dont need to have perfect punctuation in your presentation script instead use exclamation marks, underlining and brackets to tell you when to breathe and which words to stress. You can always have another correct version of your script for distribution. Robert Ashton is chief executive of business writing specialists Emphasis. For more information see emphbootstrap.wpengine.com Do you want your team to write persuasive presentations? Have a look at our in-house presentation-writing course.

Human Resource Policy and Actions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Policy and Actions - Essay Example Founded in 1924, Tesco is the largest retailer in the UK market as well as the largest UK-based international supermarket chain with 1,780 stores in the UK and 586 outlets internationally. The company which originally focused on food retailing has now expanded into retailing of clothing, household electronics, financial services, the Internet, and telecommunications. With over 1780 stores spread across the UK and a strong presence in Ireland and a host of other countries, with its 586 international outlets, Tesco employes 367,000 employees in its global operations with 250,000 of them based in the UK. With annual sales revenue of more than  £37bn and a pre-tax profit report of  £2bn, the Tesco is the market leader accounting for 30% of the total UK retail market (Paton 2005). Gap Analysis of Human Resource Practices at Tesco Plc In a massive scale business operation as Tesco, the management of human resource becomes a very challenging task. Key functions of HRM which includes the HR Forecasting, Job Analysis and Specifications, Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, Reward systems, Termination procedures and management of Employee Relations need to be updated and modified to suit the changing business environmental conditions (Bratten & Gold 1999). Organizations, which adopt a dynamic approach to its managerial process, will realize the need for assessing existing practices and identifying the gap areas, which needs to be addressed through implementation of effective HRM principles.

Human Resource Management - Yahoo Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Management - Yahoo - Coursework Example ent high numbers of employees who are highly paid do not create the required difference in order to improve the competitiveness of the company in the market. The demand for labor in Yahoo is based on pressure put by competitors. With only few qualified personnel in the market, the company is under pressure to hire new employees in order to prevent them from joining the rival firms. However, instead of the company hiring out of pressure, it should first maximize the returns by the existing subordinates. This is through providing them with a serene working environment where they can be able to maximize their potential through innovation. This would play a significant role in improving the competitive advantage of the company in the market. The first action that will strengthen the internal recruitment process is training of the panel that will be recruiting new employees. New recruits need to fit in the organizational structure. Therefore, the panel needs to ensure that they recruit an employee who would auger well with the current organizational goals and objectives. Therefore, through training, the panel will be able to select the best employees who will be able to integrate with the organizational culture. The internal recruitment process would be strengthened through drafting an effective performance appraisal. The drafting process should involve all the employees. This is through collecting their views on what they would like the performance appraisal to look like. This would make them feel appreciated and work hard because they are sure that the appraisal would be able to recognize their effort. The use of the performance appraisal would make the recruitment to be more transparent, an aspect that would motivate the employees to put more effort in order to be promoted. The Yahoo corporate strategy is to grow and become more competitive (Hill and Gareth 233). The employees understand the challenges that the company is going through. Therefore, this strategy

Free My Antonia Essays: The Growth of Jim Burden :: My Antonia Essays

The Growth of Jim Burden in My Antonia "The movement from possession to loss, from union to separation, is the deep and central pattern of Jim Burden's experience in My Antonia." (Fisher-Wirth) I believe that this quote given by the critic Fisher-Wirth somewhat explains the life of Jim Burden and that although he went through both gains and losses throughout his life; he learned the meaning and purpose of his life with Antonia. In the beginning of the novel, Jim had a family but was soon abandoned by them do to both of their deaths. He was then on his way to his grandparents house in Nebraska to begin a new and different life. At this point, he began a union with both his grandparents as well as Antonia. Antonia and Jim became very close friends and went through many childhood experiences together. Their friendship was soon torn apart when Ambrosch and Jake engaged in a quarrel which separated the two families for quite some time. But once again, the families resolve their differences and become close again. (Chapter 1) When Chapter 2 begins, Jim and his family are separated from Antonia's because of their new move to town. After this separation, Jim and Antonia were brought together again when Antonia came to work in town. This pattern repeats once again as the result of Jim going off to college. He loses touch with Antonia but then, through Lena, becomes connected to Antonia again. As a result of this, Jim goes back home to visit for a short time and then leaves for New York. Finally, twenty years later, Jim travels back to see Antonia and her new, "enlarged" family. He was glad to see that Antonia was finally happy again and enjoyed meeting all her children as well as her husband. With Jim's trip back to Black Hawk, he was able to tie his whole life together. After leaving Antonia's home, Jim felt that his life had made a circle. He realized that through all his gains and losses, the past that he shared with Antonia was so precious. Free My Antonia Essays: The Growth of Jim Burden :: My Antonia Essays The Growth of Jim Burden in My Antonia "The movement from possession to loss, from union to separation, is the deep and central pattern of Jim Burden's experience in My Antonia." (Fisher-Wirth) I believe that this quote given by the critic Fisher-Wirth somewhat explains the life of Jim Burden and that although he went through both gains and losses throughout his life; he learned the meaning and purpose of his life with Antonia. In the beginning of the novel, Jim had a family but was soon abandoned by them do to both of their deaths. He was then on his way to his grandparents house in Nebraska to begin a new and different life. At this point, he began a union with both his grandparents as well as Antonia. Antonia and Jim became very close friends and went through many childhood experiences together. Their friendship was soon torn apart when Ambrosch and Jake engaged in a quarrel which separated the two families for quite some time. But once again, the families resolve their differences and become close again. (Chapter 1) When Chapter 2 begins, Jim and his family are separated from Antonia's because of their new move to town. After this separation, Jim and Antonia were brought together again when Antonia came to work in town. This pattern repeats once again as the result of Jim going off to college. He loses touch with Antonia but then, through Lena, becomes connected to Antonia again. As a result of this, Jim goes back home to visit for a short time and then leaves for New York. Finally, twenty years later, Jim travels back to see Antonia and her new, "enlarged" family. He was glad to see that Antonia was finally happy again and enjoyed meeting all her children as well as her husband. With Jim's trip back to Black Hawk, he was able to tie his whole life together. After leaving Antonia's home, Jim felt that his life had made a circle. He realized that through all his gains and losses, the past that he shared with Antonia was so precious.

Newspaper vs. Magazines

Which is the most helpful source of information do people rely on? As two major kinds of mass media, newspaper and magazine played a major role in people’s daily life. Although, they belong to the same group, they also have different characteristics regarding three major factors which are style, content and appearance. Style plays a major role between these two. While newspaper â€Å"focuses on what is needed: fixed and straight to the point†, magazine tends to be more â€Å"freestyle†. Moreover, newspaper has limits whereas magazine has more room and personalized flow of information. Content is another factor that has its most important job to do within these two. In a newspaper, people can find more information than magazine. It focuses on catchy headlines in an attempt to capture the readers’ entire attention to read the entire story. It is based mostly on facts that are new and written as it happens and where it happens. Surprisingly, newspaper can easily put various topics together whereas the magazine cannot. In other words, a magazine for golfing cannot have content that is mainly of fashion and beauty tips. Therefore, the value of each is different. Another major factor within these two should be their appearance. Clearly, people can come to realize that both magazine and newspaper are published at regular intervals. As the newspaper published faster, it comes out at least once a week and daily newspaper is published daily. On the other hand, magazine are published and sorted by weekly, monthly, on bimonthly. The point being is that while newspaper is as good as one day use, the magazine can be used or read anytime. So, whichever people choose they should remember that newspaper and magazine belong to the same group despite of their differences or their characteristics, they have always played an important role in peoples’ public life all the time.

Management of multinational companies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5397 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Staffing management of multinational companies is a complex but crucial issue to the international human resource management (IHRM) research. Based on literature review, this article is to investigate the staffing management in the multinational companies. Firstly, the author will summarize the conceptual introduction, general challenges, culture distance, and new alternative in the expatriate assignments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management of multinational companies" essay for you Create order Secondly, the author will discuss how to retain subsidiary staff retention in the whole HRM of multinationals. Thirdly, in order to complete the research successfully, the author will utilize the qualitative research method through literature study and one-to-one interview to figure out the puzzle about the staffing management in multinational and draw the conclusion. Introduction The topic of this paper is the staffing management in the multinational companies by using qualitative research method. In this report, what kind of information is valued for this research? How to collect information? What kind of technology will be used and how to organize this research? All these questions will be described in the following parts. First at all, the clear understanding about qualitative research is necessary and helpful. Qualitative research is a field of inquiry that crosscuts disciplines and subject matters. It involves an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern human behavior. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research relies on reasons behind various aspects of behavior. Objective The objective of this article is to investigate the staffing management in the multinational companies. In the last decades, an extensive amount of articles on this topic have been published. Obviously, the staffing management is a critical issue in the human resource management for the multinational companies. How to balance the PCNs, HCNs, and TCNs? How to reconcile the individual career plan to the corporation scope? How to manage the multicultural team? All of these topics have been explored in conceptual theory and empirical analyses. At the same time, with the development of the world economic and political, some new trends have appeared in international business, for example, global virtual team, the e-business, etc. These new challenges bring new patterns for the staffing management. Thus, in this article, the author focuses on new changes, such as alternative for the conventional expatriate assignments and the retaining of the local staff retention. Literature Review In order to get the general knowledge about the staffing management in the multinational companies, six books have been chosen as the literature related to the topic. In those books, the authors claimed that people are the foundation in a multinationals; most of the attention of human resource management in multinationals is concerned with the staffing management, while the staffing management is the most difficult task for them. How to effectively manage people in various countries and cultures is a big issue in the staffing management in the multinational companies. At the same time, in order to get the recent research topic in the multinational staffing management, some articles which were published in the academic journals have been chosen as well. 1. Conceptual Introduction Staffing management deals with a comprehensive term for all operative functions namely recruiting, placing, appraisal, rewarding, assessing, developing performed in HR management. According to International HRM model created by Patrick V. Morgan and Peter J. Bottrall, three dimensions are involved : Human resource functions Procurement Allocation Utilization National or country functions The host country where a subsidiary may be located The home country where an international company is headquartered And others countries that may be the source of labor or finance Employees functions Local/ host-country nationals (HCNS Expatriates/parent-country nationals (PCNS) Third-country nationals (TCNS) Face to those options and wide resource, the managers in global enterprises have particular concern about the employees ability to disseminate knowledge and innovation throughout their global operations . The use of expatriates has seemed to be a logical choice for staffing, while the use of parent-country nations seems to be most appropriate in some specific situation. Some other global enterprises also prefer integrate the expatriates and local human resource. Nevertheless, each procedure has both advantage and disadvantage. With regard to executive nationality staffing policies, There are major four categories on the HRM within Multinational corporations : the ethnocentric approach, the polycentric approach, the regioncentric approach, and the geocentric approach. In summary, those four approaches are useful for multinationals, and the MNC can choice one of four approaches to manage its international staffing. However, there are no restricting rules for staffing management. The following questions for the multinationals must to face: Predictors of expatriate success, expatriate failure rate, repatriation, equal employment opportunity issues, and recruitment and selection of HCNs and TCNs. 2. Challenges in multinationals The nature of international business is undergoing a sea change. The rapid expansion of global trade, business consolidation and geographical diversification are pushing companies for changes in their management structure and style. Multinationals now need to consider regional market conditions and develop strategies to cater to each of the regional markets. Another factor driving the need for change is the global mergers and acquisitions. Companies acquire other companies abroad need to change their HR policies as it is not applicable on the acquired company. It is beneficial to invite top executives of the acquired firm to join the parents top management. 2.1 Career blockage Lots of employees will be exciting to have the opportunity to work abroad. In fact, for host-country manager who always have limited opportunities to gain experience outside their own country and can not progress beyond the senior positions in their own subsidiary. While, the parent-country manager have limited too, and they will feel frustrate when they come back home to see their colleagues are promoted and their career have been sidetracked. 2.2 Culture shock Culture shock is the big challenge for multinationals, the difference brings the different thinking ways and working ways, and it needs time to adjust it. In most cases the expatriate manager prefer to emphasize and require the home office or home country values on the host countrys employees instead of accepting and learning within the new culture. 2.3 Lack of cross cultural training In fact, most multinationals ignore this training program during the staffing management. However, the better understanding about culture block can help managers to improve the effectiveness of staffing management. For example, The managers at Bell Canada were totally asked be training about Muslim laws of drinking and the treating of women there before he or she assigned a project for Saudi Arabia such like constructing the telephone system in there. 2.4 Family problems Family problem for PNC manager is another challenge. The oversea employees always think of their family. Sometime, such emotion will effect the concentrations in their work. These difficulties are usually underestimated. What the organization should do is to assist expatriates family to adapt their new environment. 3. Managing multicultural team Team members of multinational companies come from different countries with the different culture, economic, religions and habits. All of these differences bring the different thinking and working methods, thus, how to manage the multicultural team is a big challenge for the HRM in the multinationals. In the article Managing multicultural team, the author states that Communication in Western cultures is typically direct and explicit. In many other cultures, meaning is embedded in the way the message is presented. The differences can cause serious damage to team relationships (Jeanne Breeet , Kristin Behfar, and Mary C. Kern, 2007) . At the same time, the accent and the lack of fluent communication will affect the understanding and the integration between team numbers. The direct effect of misunderstanding can also be the barrier to constrain the team achieving the project common goal. Therefore, the scholar indicates the four strategies as following to manage the multicultural team (J eanne Breeet, Kristin Behfar, and Mary C. Kern, 2007) : Adaptation: acknowledging cultural gaps openly and working around team Structural intervention: changing the shape of the team Managerial intervention: setting norms early or bringing in a higher-level manager Exit: removing a team member when other options have failed Although those four strategies can be used to deal with some challenges in the multicultural team, the first step to manage the multicultural team for team manager is to identify what kind of challenge the team would face. Sometimes, we can advocate the post-modern thinking as a popular but unofficial thinking which can be used among the team numbers. We try to understand and think about questions from the other side without prejudice. However, the official team management needs some norms and rules to keep the right orientation. In my opinion, when facing the team troubles, we should see the troubles from the culture angle, through the social thinking ways instead of from the personality. 4. New alternative in the expatriate assignments According to Edstorm and Galbraith(1977), there are three motives why MNCs use expatriates. As position fillers when suitably qualified host country nationals (HCNs) were not available. As a means of management development, aimed at developing the competence of the individual manager. As a means of organizational development, aimed at increasing knowledge transfer within the MNC and modifying and sustaining organizational structure and decision processes. However, the high cost and the family problems are the evident shortcomings of the conventional expatriate assignments. Recently, more and more research begins to question the utility and viability of the conventional expatriate assignments. According to the Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives (David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Michael J. Morley, 2007) , there are five aspects related to the debates: supply side issues, demand side issues, expatriate performance and expatriate failure, performance evaluation, cost and finally career dynamics. By reviewing the reasons of those challenges, the authors explore some alternative forms in the international assignments now: Short term international assignments Frequent flyer assignments Commuter and rotational assignments Global virtual team The HR implications of managing alternative forms of international assignments Although those new patters appeared in the international staging assignments, each alternative has both positive and negative influences. For example, as scholars mentioned that the short-term assignments are the most popular form of non-standard assignment. At the same time, they also identify the following situations in which short-term assignments are used in MNCs: (1) Problem solving or skills transfer; (2) for control purposes and; (3) for managerial development reasons. And the disadvantages: (1) taxation issues particularly for assignments over six months duration, (2) the potential for side-effects such as alcoholism and marital problems (3) failure to build effective relationships with local colleagues and customers and (4) work visas and permits (Tahvanainen et al., 2005) . Eventually, the challenge for IHRM practitioners is to ensure that each international assignment has clearly defined goals and in this context to continue the advancement of techniques aimed at measuring the return of investment on international assignments. 5. Retaining subsidiary staffs retention It can be argued that the retention of staffing in the multinationals subsidiary conducts huge influence. The transfers between the PCNs, HCNs and the TCNs are the big issues in the staffing management strategy. Scolders identify that the HCNs and TCNs who are sent to the corporate headquarters (HQ) called inpatriates. As this article mentioned before, the ethnocentric approach, the polycentric approach, the regioncentric approach, and the geocentric approach are the four major nationality staffing policies in the international staffing, by analyzing the complex and the new situation appear in the relationships between the HQ and subsidiary, B. Sebastian Reiche (2007) explores the international stiffing-related retention strategies . Firstly, he claims that a pluralistic and consensus-driven approach to international staffing enhances the retention capacity of international staffing practices through increased responsiveness to and involvement of the respective local unit. He states that the knowledge and skill from the local staff can help multinationals to reduce the risk and culture-bound in the local market. He also believes that this approach can improve the loyalty of local staffs, and the local staff can achieve individual career plan to cohere the institutional development plan. At the same time, he states that the PCNs still act as the vital role for informal controlling and coordination in the multinational companies. Secondly, he indicates that expatriation of local staff can help to retain the MNCss retention. In this approach, he states that the inpatriates can share their social and contextual knowledge of the subsidiary environment with managers at the HQ. And also inpatriates tend to be accepted by HCNs more willingly than foreign personnel. According to the literature review, we can see that the staffing management is the big and critical issue in the multinational human resource management. Although some models and some rules can be used in the staffing management in multinationals, there is no magic formula which we can follow, and there is no silver bullet that gives the kill. Simultaneity, I also find some challenges and some new patters of the staffing management in multinationals, in order to get the better understanding about the staffing management strategy in multinationals, and to prove some confused questions in my minds, like why are there so few women on international assignments? The designed qualitative research which addresses the staffing management in multinational companies will be presented as the following: Methodology A successful qualitative research should have the clear introduction about the research methods, the detailed and scientific research, and the justice and related data analysis. In this part, how to develop and execute this qualitative research will be described: 1. Research methods Research methods are the tools to be used in this qualitative research. It is the basic elements to do the research, and the better and clear understanding is helpful and necessary for the success of the research. In the following part, I will introduce some research methods which will be used in this qualitative research. In-depth interview: are typically used in survey development. One-to-one interviews are conducted (with people meeting the criteria for completing a particular survey) when individuals complete the instrument. This method helps investigators understand how people perceive and interpret language and their own experiences as they refine the survey instruments. Five persons (individual profiles as the following table) will be interviewed to talk about this project. The questions sheet was designed for the interview. The purpose of the interviews is to figure out the strategic about the staffing management in the multinational companies, especially the challenges in the multinational is the major issues in the interview. Interviewees Age Gender Background Working experience 36 Male PHD Electric Engineer 7 years Engineer 33 Male Master engineer MPM 5 years HR manager 32 Male Master MPM 4 years marketing manager 29 Female Master MBA 2 year HR 25 Female Master MBA 1 year HR 2. Research Procedure In this research, the five persons who have the background with working in the multinational companies or who have the academic ideas about the human management will be involved in this research. This research have two parts, the first part will discuss about the important position for staffing management in one multinational company. The second part is about the challenges, and tries to find the solutions for those challenges. 3. Data collection and analyzing In this stage, the enough and useful data is necessary for qualitative research. Collecting data is the key step to achieve the research goal after in-depth interview and case study. Based on the four challenges about the human resource management in the multinational companies, through the in-depth interview with five persons and the case studies, the result about this research is to find the way how to solve those challenges. 4. Research Schedule All the research development will follow the deliverables on the course outline. Proposal: Deadline is February 20 Interview protocol: Deadline is March 12 Interview: Deadline is April 10 Oral presentation: Deadline is April 16 Research report: Deadline is April 28 5. Interview 5.1 Interview plan Traditionally, the detailed plan is the first step for a success interview. For me, the major thing should be described is about the interview tools. The in-depth interviews are typically used in the interview. One-to-one interviews are conducted as the individuals complete the instrument being tested. This method helps investigators understand how people perceive and interpret language and their own experiences as they refine the survey instruments. At the same time, based on the topic which is staffing management in the multinational companies, I will choice the telephone interview too. Five persons will be interviewed to talk about this topic. The purpose of the interviews is to figure out the strategic about the staffing management in the multinational companies, especially the challenges in the multinational is the major issues in the interview. Three persons are chosen from the classmates who had or have the working experience in the multinational companies, the forth person is my friend who works in a multinational company in Toronto, and I will meet him in the weekend to do the interview. The last person works in Montreal, and I will take a telephone interview. 5.2 Level of Language The effective communication is the critical issues for the success of the interview. The better understanding is helpful to achieve the purpose of the interview. 5.3 Interview questions Do you think the staffing management is a critical issue for multinational companies? Do you think staffing issues are different and complex in the multinational companies? Should there different strategic between the employees in local/ host-country nationals (HCNS), expatriates/parent-country nationals (PCNS), and third-country nationals (TCNS)? How to motives the expatriate employees? How to make the justice between local and expatriate employees? How to implement the performance management for the host-country nationals? How to manage the diversity management? Why are there so few women on international assignments? What kinds training are necessary for the international assignees? What are the challenges about staffing management in the multinational companies? 5.4 Analyses about the interview questions As I mentioned before, five persons were be interviewed to talk about this topic. Three persons are chosen from the classmates who had or have the working experience in the multinational companies, one person who works in the AMD in Toronto, I was meeting him last weekend. And another person who works in Montreal, I already called him to do the telephone interview. Those entire people have the common thinking which is staffing management is very importance and diversity in multinationals. The detailed analysis about the interview questions as following. 1. Do you think the staffing management is a critical issue for multinational companies? The same answers from five interviewees. All of them given yes to this question. Analysis: People are one of the most important parts in the multinational companies. The staffs are from different countries, they have diverse cultures, religions, and working styles. Therefore, the working environment can be very complex. Finding skilled and talented personnel and motivating them then become more and more important. How to resolve problems and conflicts, and integrate the diverse human resource and management is going to be a critical issue. 2. Do you think staffing issues are different and complex in the multinational companies? All of five interviewees answered yes in this question. Analysis: Compared to the national company, the multinational companys target market may be numerous country or while world. According this situation, the employees of multinational companies have different culture, religion and life habit. The employees diversiform culture background can help the multinational company understand the local market environment; however, it increases the cost of staffing management. The multinational companies should pay more an attention on the HR management. The enormous human resource data and complex work environment is a trouble for the multinational companies. At the same time, communication problem is also critical when people speak different languages. 3. Should there different strategic between the employees in local/ host-country nationals (HCNS), expatriates/parent-country nationals (PCNS), and third-country nationals (TCNS)? The answer is yes. Analysis: Based on the countries different conditions like economic, living standard, market, etc. The local, expatriates and third-country nationals employees are in the different positions. The HCNS are familiar with the culture, environment, and the communication habit. Therefore, the management strategy can be very simple and easy. However, for the PCNS and TCNS, they are unacquainted with the country, and it is harder to accommodate themselves with the new living and working environment. So the communication process will be more complex. Consequently, the companies should use different strategies between the different nationals employees. 4. How to motives the expatriate employees? In this question, building own company culture which is not only local culture but also expatriate and recognizing the and respecting the different culture and habits has been mentioned in all five interviewees. As interviewees C states that familiarizes the new employee to the companys culture, business values, people, organization and processes in an efficient manner. Then, helping the person fit into their new environment, lowers feeling of isolation and anxiety, and increases feelings of comfort, security and belonging. Also, creates a favorable impression and attitude. At the same time, interviewee D thought that Special benefits and holidays are the necessary and important rules to motives the expatriate employees. 5. How to make the justice between local and expatriate employees? The answers about this question related to the understanding about culture and habits and the performance evaluation. Firstly, a series of regulations and rules should be created, Then, try to avoid bias, think objectively, and stand by different positions to see the view. At the same time, the performance evaluation should have the same standard. 6. How to implement the performance management for the host-country nationals? The performance management should be made based on the appraisals which provide legal and formal organizational justification for employment decisions. Also, the appraisals are used as criteria in test validation and provide feedback to employees. Meanwhile, the appraisals can help establish objectives for training programs and determine organizational problems 7. How to manage the diversity management? In this question, there are many answers: A, create chance to know each other B, Equal opportunities is just one part of diversity, detailed policies and procedures should be user-friendly. C, establish a heterogeneous workforce performing to its potential in a fair work environment where no member has an advantage or disadvantage for any reason other than merit. E, Establish training system to reduce fail and conflicts. Establish effective communication to exchange information in time. 8. Why are there so few women on international assignments? In this question, there have the different answers between the male and female interviewees; two male interviewees state that this situation based on the history, culture, like working capability of women cant be accepted by everyone. One male interviewee claims that he did not find this situation because one of the groups in his department is all women who are in charge of both local and international assignments. The two female interviewees said that Women have more family and emotional burden, and women always lack of career progress (glass ceiling). 9. What kinds training are necessary for the international assignees? In this question, most interviewees mentioned that the international assignees should be trained of the knowledge of culture, religion, value and working style. Interviewee B still talked about the training should be connected with Sexual Harassment, Legal Issues and Global Corporate Finance. 10. What are the challenges about staffing management in the multinational companies? Touch different thinking approach and culture How to Improve Expatriate-Local Relations How to respect the diverse values, and establish the same corporation values is most challenge Conflicts between cultures, communication problems, performance standard. Unions want to cooperate but compete with each other for jobs Finding and Results The interviews proved my viewpoint that the staffing management is critical and complex to a multinational. Therefore, to successfully achieve its goal, the multinational not only insist its successful experience and culture but also should adjust the strategy due to the diversity and complexity of human resource management which includes the staffing management strategy. In my research, I focus on two aspects: first is about the importance of staffing management in multinational, which even should be considered as the most crucial part in multinationals life. My interview has proven my standpoint, all interviewers agree on the importance of staffing management. A mistake the multinationals may make is they believe the successful experience in the home country will work well in other parts of the world. But the fact usually says no. Therefore, the multinationals need to learn how to face the difference in different thinking ways, policy, culture and peoples desires. Thus, the second aspect is how to make and implement the proper staffing management due to de complexity and difference of country situation. Base on this understanding, I listed my questions like How to motives the expatriate employees, How to manage the diversity management? and What kinds training are necessary for the international assignees. Most of these questions relate to the people. Undoubtedly, people are the most important factor in all aspects. No matter how correct a decision or strategy has been made, it depends on how people implement it. My interviewees answered the questions through different aspects which base on their experience. Clearly, all of the answers based on one common point that the staffing strategy has to meet peoples basic demands, culture, and inspire them properly. Above all, the interviews supported my original viewpoint and extended my visions in several aspects which I learned from the literatures. I will give the conclusion in next part. Conclusion In the past ten years many business cases proved that human resource management especially the staffing management is the critical factor for the business successful. Based on the analysis about the interviews, I got some conclusion. Firstly, the staffing management is the critical issue for the multinational has been proved. People are one of the most important parts within the company. People with different culture will cause a lot of problems because of culture differences for multinational companies. Because of globalization, business are not just addressed within a Country, and it becomes global as well. So how to find, select and train skilled and talented personnel and motivating employees then become more and more important. Secondly, the staffing management issues are different and complex in the multinational. These issues still related to the culture understanding. Different people have the different thinking ways based on the individual background, and different nations h ave the different habits by the history, religion, policy, etc. So, employees in a multinational have the different thinking ways for the same thing. Those results result to the complex and different staffing strategies. Thirdly the culture shock is another bid issue for the staffing management in the multinationals. All of the five interviewees talked about the better understanding of the different culture and habits, it indicates that diverse culture, religions thinking ways and working style become more and more important in the multinationals, and taking the justice between local and expatriate employees is very important too. In fact, as we all known, staffing for a multinational company is complicated by the more diverse environment , such as business, economic, political, legal, cultural implications and the Parent companys need for control. At the same time, as I mentioned before, there is no magic formula which we can follow, and there are even more challenges that Human Resource has to face when the organization goes international. In a multinational corporation, one of the most difficult tasks is to effectively manage people in various countries and cultures. As we discussed before in this article, the employees are the base for the company, and human resource management is the critical factor for the business successful. According to the situation of human resource management in one organization, the HRM managers take special responsibilities. In fact, there is also no denying that the status of the HRM in the enterprise will be higher than before throughout the next decade. At the same time, with the development of global economy, the multinationals acted the more and more important roles in the global trade. This fact enforce the enterprise have to development human resource management on the global perspective. Above all, every multinational will and must face the risk in exploiting aboard markets. No matter how much expense the risk will take, globalization is the only path that multinationals have to go through. The final goal of foreign subsidiaries is to become local enterprise. Becoming a local enterprise means a lot to multinationals. Firstly, it helps reducing the cost, not only the manufacture cost but also the implement cost. Secondly, it means a foreign enterprise has involved into the aim market society and been accepted by its customers. For this aim, a proper and scientific staffing management system is necessary. We can easily find out that every successful multinational has the proper staffing management rules and system to guarantee running the aboard company properly. This is the relationship of what you want to achieve and how to achieve. The same as my research process, my original understanding of the topic is superficial and insufficient. As my research going, I used t he proper method by studying literatures and interviewing experienced managers to improve my understanding into higher level. However, my research has not completed yet since the complexity of my topic. As the developing of modern societies, the research has to go deeper to find out the intrinsic motivation which forced multinationals changing the management strategy through the four steps. I believe benefits is not the only reason which forces multinationals making adjustment. For example, McDonald has donated millions of dollar for giant earthquake victims in China last month. Ironically, McDonald is suffering fierce criticism that be considered as cold blood foreign businessman. The reason is McDonald didnt advertise its contribution publicly which caused the misunderstanding between McDonald and the Chinese customers. Worse, McDonalds employees refused to work since they dont want to be put the quisling tag. In this example, I noticed that the multinationals always face new challenges since the existing of new problems. What is the root of these challenges and how they make the adjustment in staffing m anagement? I hope to find it out in future. Solutions to the IHRM issues By learning the challenges and practices of various HRM cases all around the world, there are things in common. In terms of IHRM, we discovered some specific policies and procedures to facilitate the performance. Selection: first of all, the selection must meet job requirement and is complement with the organization strategy. The IHRM should pay more attention on the culture. They also should use cultural sensitivity as a selection criterion. Training: in IHRM, the training content is special. What they need emphasis is the cross cultural dimensions. The expatriates should given more information about the host country and culture. Career design: The IHRM should let the employees clearly see their future. International assignment should be as a step for promotion within the firm. Compensation: this is the sensitive and frequent question how much money we should pay to the employees we send abroad? The organization do needs a clear policy which obey the follow aspect. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_research https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffing International dimensions of human resource management, Peter J. Dowing Randall s. Schuler, page 4 Managing the global work force: Challenges and strategies, Academy of Management Executive, Roberts,K.Kossek,E.E., and Ozeki,C(1998) 12(4): 6-16 Adler,N.J.(2002) International dimensions of Organizational behavior, 4th edn Shimon L. Dolan. International HRM Ecole de relations industrielles, Case postale 6128 Montreal, 1996 Shimon L. Dolan. International HRM Ecole de relations industrielles, Case postale 6128 Montreal, 1996 : Brett, Jeanne; Behfar, Kristin; Kern, Mary C.. Harvard Business Review, Nov2006, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p87 (AN 22671287) Brett, Jeanne; Behfar, Kristin; Kern, Mary C.. Harvard Business Review, Nov2006, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p88 (AN 22671287) Edstrom, A., Galbraith, J. R. (1977). Transfer of managers as a coordination and control strategy in multinational organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22: 248263. David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Michael J. Morley, Journal of World Business 42.2 (June 2007): p200. Tahvanainen, M., Welch, D., Worm, V. (2005), Implications of short-term international assignments. European Management Journal, 23: p663673. David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Michael J. Morley, Journal of World Business 42.2 (June 2007): p210. :B. Sebastian Reiche, International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8.4 (April 2007): p529. B. Sebastian Reiche, International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8.4 (April 2007): p529. B. Sebastian Reiche, International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8.4 (April 2007): p530. https://www.colmr.research.va.gov/mgmt_research_in_va/methodology/qualitative_research.cfm